In Olympic throwing events -- men's and women's shot put, discus, hammer and javelin -- the competition begins with a qualifying round in which the entire field is divided into two or more groups. In this round competitors take turns attempting to reach a pre-set distance that automatically advances them to the final. If fewer than 12 athletes meet the distance required from direct qualification, the 12 competitors with the best throws, plus any athletes tying for 12th, advance to the final.

In the final round competitors take turns until each has attempted three throws. At this point the top eight-ranked competitors (plus ties) receive three more throws. The best throw of the six is counted and the athlete with the longest throw is declared the winner. In case of a tie the second-best throw is consulted.

The shot is made of solid iron, brass or any metal not softer than brass. It can also be constructed of a metal shell filled with lead. It must have a smooth outer surface with a diameter between 4.3 and 5.1 inches for men's competition, or 3.7 and 4.3 inches for women. The shot must weigh at least 16 pounds for men and 8.8 pounds for women.